Qualified medical treatments abroad
Dental implant
from
Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia
A dental implant
is an artificial tooth root replacement and is used in prosthetic dentistry.
There are several types. The most widely accepted and successful is the
osseointegrated implant, based on the discovery by Professor Per-Ingvar
Brånemark that titanium could be successfully incorporated into bone when
osteoblasts grow on and into the rough surface of the implanted titanium.
This forms a structural and functional connection between the living bone
and the implant.
A typical implant consists of a titanium screw, with a roughened surface.
This surface is treated either by plasma spraying, etching or sandblasting
to increase the integration potential of the implant. At edentulous (without
teeth) jaw sites, a pilot hole is bored into the recipient bone, taking care
to avoid vital structures (in particular the inferior alveolar nerve within
the mandible). This pilot hole is then expanded by using progressively wider
drills. Care is taken not to damage the osteoblast cells by overheating. A
cooling saline spray keeps the temperature of the bone to below 47 degrees
Celsius (approximately 117 degrees Fahrenheit). The implant screw can be
self-tapping, and is screwed into place at a precise torque so as not to
overload the surrounding bone. Once in the bone, a cover screw is placed and
the operation site is allowed to heal for a few months for integration to
occur.
After some months the implant is uncovered and a healing abutment and
temporary crown is placed onto the implant. This encourages the gum to grow
in the right scalloped shape to approximate a natural tooth's gums and
allows assessment of the final aesthetics of the restored tooth. Once this
has occurred a permanent crown will be constructed and placed on the implant.
An increasingly common strategy to preserve bone and reduce treatment times
includes the placement of a dental implant into a recent extraction site. In
addition, immediate loading is becoming more common as success rates for
this procedure are now acceptable. This can cut months off of the treatment
time and in some cases a prosthetic tooth can be attached to the implants at
the same time as the surgery to place the dental implants.
Success rates
Dental implant success is related to operator skill, quality and quantity of
the bone available at the site, and also to the patient's oral hygiene.
Various studies have found the 5 year success rate of implants to be between
75-95%. Patients who smoke experience significantly poorer success rates.
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